Often called the “pharmacy of the world,” India’s pharmaceutical ecosystem generates roughly US $50 billion in annual revenue and ships finished drugs worth about US $30 billion to more than 200 countries. The sector supplies around 20% of global generic medicines and 60% of the world’s vaccines, underscoring its importance to public-health programs everywhere. Boosted by government PLI incentives, the industry is projected to more than double to US $130 billion by 2032. Batch sterilization, clean-room HVAC and purified-water loops consume huge amounts of steam and electricity, so energy is one of the largest operating expenses that management can directly reduce.